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6C44.2 Sedative, hypnotic or anxiolytic dependence International Classification of Diseases for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, 11th Revision, v2024-01 Sedative, hypnotic or anxiolytic dependence is a disorder of regulation of sedative use arising from repeated or continuous use of these substances. The characteristic feature is a strong internal drive to use sedatives, hypnotics, or anxiolytics, which is manifested by impaired ability to control use, increasing priority given to use over other activities and persistence of use despite harm or negative consequences. These experiences are often accompanied by a subjective sensation of urge or craving to use these substances. Physiological features of dependence may also be present, including tolerance to the effects of sedatives, hypnotics or anxiolytics, withdrawal symptoms following cessation or reduction in use, or repeated use of sedatives or pharmacologically similar substances to prevent or alleviate withdrawal symptoms. The features of dependence are usually evident over a period of at least 12 months but the diagnosis may be made if sedative use is continuous (daily or almost daily) for at least 3 months.
exclusions sections/codes in this section (6C44.2-6C44.2) Sedative, hypnotic or anxiolytic dependence, current use (6C44.20) Sedative, hypnotic or anxiolytic dependence, early full remission (6C44.21) Sedative, hypnotic or anxiolytic dependence, sustained partial remission (6C44.22) Sedative, hypnotic or anxiolytic dependence, sustained full remission (6C44.23) Sedative, hypnotic or anxiolytic dependence, unspecified (6C44.2Z) postcoordination Add Stem and/or Extension codes to form a cluster code which adds detail to the condition.
Medication - multiple selections are allowed [select] XM6R58 Novocain topical XM6NN7 Nupercaine, spinal XM8739 Nupercaine topical XM0QU2 Orthocaine XM5HP0 Oxetacaine XM6V01 Oxethazine XM6RN9 Oxybuprocaine XM7H65 Percaine, spinal XM7EK6 Percaine topical XM6Z26 Phenacaine XM2ZH3 Piperocaine – XM7UW6 Piperocaine infiltration – XM8J09 Piperocaine nerve block – XM40M8 Piperocaine topical XM8AE6 Pitkin's solution XM2X66 Prilocaine – XM9NH0 Prilocaine infiltration – XM85Q7 Prilocaine nerve block XM4EE1 Prilocaine regional XM5L66 Procaine – XM05Z5 Procaine nerve block – XM1CG3 Procaine regional – XM8KS3 Procaine spinal XM97J9 Proparacaine XM72A2 Propoxycaine – XM9BY7 Propoxycaine infiltration – XM2DT4 Propoxycaine nerve block – XM0BG4 Propoxycaine topical XM87E0 Quotane XM2MX6 Stovaine – XM79W4 Stovaine infiltration – XM08B5 Stovaine nerve block – XM9657 Stovaine spinal – XM3MW8 Stovaine topical XM6392 Surfacaine XM1HW1 Tetracaine – XM32E4 Tetracaine nerve block – XM9H96 Tetracaine regional – XM9CQ9 Tetracaine spinal XM3QD1 Trimecaine XM2FR2 Tronothane XM7771 Xylocaine infiltration XM18M2 Xylocaine nerve block XM5K48 Xylocaine spinal XM5G11 Xylocaine topical XM8T75 Inhaled anaesthetics – XM4VX3 Ethers –– XM3J00 Diethyl ether –– XM7UB3 Vinyl ether – XM0TE1 Halogenated hydrocarbons –– XM2FH0 Halothane –– XM7MX5 Chloroform ––– XM1GP5 Chloroform vapor –– XM35M6 Enflurane –– XM1E91 Trichloroethylene anaesthetic gas –– XM9HY9 Isoflurane – XM0ZA2 Anaesthesia endotracheal – XM05Z8 Anaesthetic gaseous – XM8V73 Anaesthetic halogenated hydrocarbon derivatives – XM5UK1 Central nervous system depressants anaesthetic gases – XM42D4 Chloroform anaesthetic – XM2DK4 Chloroform water, concentrated – XM9TE3 Divinyl ether – XM3EA4 Ethyl bromide anaesthetic – XM2D90 Ethyl chloride anaesthetic – XM6WF0 Ethylene anaesthetic – XM9K99 Fluroxene – XM73B5 Nitrous oxide – XM9NP2 Trifluoroethyl vinyl ether – XM7Q24 Vinesthene – XM1C44 Desflurane – XM07G7 Sevoflurane – XM8X62 Xenon XM7D47 Intravenous anaesthetics – XM14F2 Alphadolone – XM4PF7 Alfaxalone – XM59B1 Barbiturate anaesthetic, intravenous – XM9CB4 Brevital sodium – XM6LE6 Buthalitone sodium – XM5K69 Butyl thiobarbital sodium – XM9SR9 Central nervous system depressants anaesthetic, intravenous – XM5MB2 Etomidate – XM93E9 Evipal sodium – XM5ZF4 Sernyl – XM4XN0 Thialbarbital – XM66H8 Thiamylal – XM8UK0 Thiamylal sodium – XM4NL3 Thiobarbital sodium – XM1QW9 Thiobarbiturate anaesthetic – XM72F2 Thiobutabarbital sodium – XM7JR4 Methohexital – XM08U4 Hexobarbital – XM0EL8 Thiopental sodium – XM7C11 Ketamine – XM4BS0 Propanidid – XM1903 Propofol – XM2W08 Esketamine XM7T11 Cyclopropane XM9MS5 Gammahydroxybutyrate XM5C03 Hexobarbital rectal XM20X3 Minaxolone XM2MR8 Tiletamine XM8DR0 Tribromoethanol, rectal XM7Y85 Local anaesthetics XM1FJ6 Amylocaine, regional – XM1H49 Amylocaine, regional infiltration – XM7CH6 Amylocaine, regional nerve block – XM37J6 Amylocaine, regional spinal – XM5JY6 Amylocaine, regional topical XM5R82 Anaesthesia, caudal XM8MY3 Anaesthesia, epidural XM25C7 Anaesthesia, mucosal XM0D14 Anesthesia rectal local XM0FJ3 Anesthesia regional XM0LM0 Anaesthetic infiltration XM7EC3 Anaesthetic spinal XM8E23 Anesthetic topical XM3S41 Anaesthetic with local muscle relaxant XM5ZK7 Aptocaine XM52S4 Articaine XM4YN0 Benzamine XM8KD9 Benzocaine XM1604 Betoxycaine XM5YL1 Bupivacaine – XM7WQ7 Bupivacaine infiltration – XM4216 Bupivacaine nerve block – XM46M2 Bupivacaine spinal XM3781 Butacaine XM7MD5 Butamben XM9VA7 Butanilicaine XM0HA0 Butyl aminobenzoate XM5NW5 Butyn XM2YU2 Carbocaine infiltration XM8C65 Carbocaine nerve block XM2DT1 Carbocaine topical XM6HZ0 Chloroprocaine – XM8XD3 Chloroprocaine infiltration – XM0GC2 Chloroprocaine nerve block – XM94U2 Chloroprocaine spinal XM0L28 Cinchocaine – XM5Y10 Cinchocaine topical XM7FD6 Cyclaine XM41W7 Cyclomethycaine XM3BB4 Dimethocaine XM8UZ3 Diperodon XM23R3 Dorsacaine XM5601 Dyclone XM3QB4 Dyclonine XM20M0 Endocaine XM0P92 EPAB XM2H77 Ethocaine infiltration XM6585 Ethocaine nerve block XM7217 Ethocaine spinal XM1WJ3 Ethyl aminobenzoate XM87H9 Ethyl chloride local anaesthetic XM8X57 Etidocaine – XM8013 Etidocaine infiltration – XM8RU6 Etidocaine nerve block XM2F20 Eucaine XM76M6 Hexylcaine XM5863 Leucinocaine XM1MK4 Mepivacaine – XM0EH7 Mepivacaine epidural XM9DE9 Meprylcaine XM7CG8 Metabutethamine XM68T6 Nesacaine – XM6AA0 Nesacaine infiltration – XM4148 Nesacaine nerve block XM38C9 Novocain infiltration XM0217 Methitural XM1030 Alprazolam XM4R58 Bentazepam XM2GL0 Benzodiapin XM9JC7 Bromazepam XM2S43 Brotizolam XM5133 Camazepam XM9S41 Carpipramine XM1J81 Central nervous system depressants benzodiazepines XM5JC4 Chlordiazepoxide XM43U0 Clobazam XM3C29 Dipotassium clorazepate XM0A75 Clotiazepam XM5M11 Cloxazolam XM0GD3 Delorazepam XM8P99 Diazepam XM9YX9 Estazolam XM54N1 Ethyl loflazepate XM9DN9 Etizolam XM8NC2 Fludiazepam XM9W71 Flunitrazepam XM73H1 Flurazepam XM68Z6 Flutazolam XM81V7 Flutoprazepam XM3FR2 Halazepam XM86G3 Haloxazolam XM5WE7 Ketazolam XM6KW2 Loprazolam XM85H7 Lorazepam XM1EE3 Lormetazepam XM9KN4 Medazepam XM7QC1 Mexazolam XM9PG6 Midazolam XM8TH1 Nimetazepam XM4TR7 Nitrazepam XM4FQ9 Nordazepam XM1A29 Oxazepam XM62U2 Oxazolam XM3LR9 Perlapine XM0GW7 Pinazepam XM4M86 Prazepam XM42F4 Quazepam XM3215 Temazepam XM79N8 Tofisopam XM9X46 Tranquilizer benzodiazepine XM0G58 Tranxene XM1VC3 Triazolam XM1YU1 Valium XM36R8 Potassium clorazepate XM94Z2 Adinazolam XM66N4 Doxefazepam XM4BU2 Cinolazepam XM8CM3 Diphenylmethane derivatives XM8CV8 Hydroxyzine XM70L1 Captodiame XM96H3 Carbamates XM3MX1 Meprobamate XM8G67 Emylcamate XM3XU7 Aldehydes and derivatives XM8AH5 Chloral hydrate XM8D85 Chloralodol – XM0ZC2 Paracetaldehyde XM46J8 Acetylglycinamide chloral hydrate XM9V32 Dichloralphenazone XM0V58 Cinnamaldehyde XM37U9 Hexyl cinnamal XM5TZ2 Amyl cinnamal XM9J50 Butylchloral hydrate XM6R00 Piperidinedione derivatives XM5S80 Glutethimide XM2MN1 Methyprylon XM2MC9 Pyrithyldione XM4YG0 Barbiturates and derivatives XM3Z73 Narcobarbital XM01Z3 Pentobarbital XM01F5 Amobarbital XM8TB8 Butobarbital XM2B90 Barbital XM6QG0 Secobarbital XM28V1 Talbutal XM6NX3 Vinylbital XM9VX7 Vinbarbital XM89L9 Cyclobarbital XM7ZK9 Heptabarbital XM8FN0 Allobarbital XM8C15 Proxibarbal XM60H4 Methylphenobarbital XM2605 Phenobarbital XM5J41 Primidone XM45T7 Barbexaclone XM64T5 Metharbital XM1ZM1 Reposal XM1WN6 Etallobarbital XM8YV1 Aprobarbital XM50Q3 Brallobarbital XM3UQ5 Butalbital XM6XH1 Butallylonal XM4C65 Difebarbamate XM8DQ9 Methobarbital, methobarbitone XM3YG4 Nealbarbital XM6F85 Probarbital XM37N4 Propallylonal XM81J9 Secbutabarbital XM4843 Z-drugs XM8LM1 Zopiclone XM8188 Zolpidem XM0UU3 zaleplon XM4DP1 Eszopiclone XM0GA0 Melatonin receptor agonists XM7R38 Melatonin XM4Y11 Ramelteon XM0DX1 Tasimelteon XM93J2 Bromide salts XM5V35 Acecarbromal XM3260 Bromisoval XM7XH5 Bromoform XM68H5 Carbromal XM4JD8 Acetylpheneturide XM0Y74 Allylisopropylacetylurea XM2MT0 Allyltribromide XM0FX2 Ammonium bromide XM2P06 Anticonvulsant hypnotic XM4LR0 Anticonvulsant pyrimidinedione XM80V1 Anticonvulsant specified XM2851 Apronal XM8WF0 Avomine XM34M8 Beta-Chlor XM2S35 Bromal (hydrate) XM16D8 Bromine compounds (medicinal) XM0JD2 Bromine sedative XM14P7 Bromisovalum XM0L99 Bromural XM7Q19 Calcium bromide XM44G1 Bromides XM6Z70 Central nervous system depressants chloral hydrate XM4A26 Central nervous system depressants hypnotics specified XM0MP0 Central nervous system depressants paraldehyde XM2PX1 Chloral derivative XM5HQ1 Chloralamide XM1XU2 Chloretone XM7N56 Chlorhexadol XM7GE6 Clomethiazole XM58S5 Croton chloral XM1L51 Diethylsulfone-diethylmethane XM5P16 Divalproex XM2ML0 Doriden XM0YS0 Dormison XM76A5 Ectylurea XM4SW2 Ethchlorvynol XM8HM5 Ethinamate XM0959 Etifoxine XM5084 Hexapropymate XM3GR8 Hypnotic drug specified XM1H40 Lactuca (virosa) (extract) XM7EA2 Lactucarium XM2447 Lettuce opium XM1SJ9 Levanil XM9S20 Levoprome XM3C52 Methaqualone XM8UW8 Methyl sulfonal XM79Y3 Methylpentynol XM9L86 Niaprazine XM67F2 Noludar XM41Z4 Periclor XM7865 Petrichloral XM8U36 Phenergan XM3YQ0 Potassium bromide XM23J2 Propionaldehyde (medicinal) XM5KU5 Quaalude XM5YQ4 Sedative mixed XM53R6 Sedormid XM5BF2 Serenesil XM8SU3 Sodium bromide XM9F88 Sodium valproate XM4ZG6 Somnos XM1BT3 Sopor XM2N03 Soporific drug specified type XM81Z5 Sulfonal XM9QV2 Sulfonethylmethane XM4YF8 Sulfonmethane XM8296 Tetronal XM6WP4 Tranquilizer with hypnotic or sedative XM9XF5 Tribromacetaldehyde XM1DU6 Trichloroethanol XM4236 Trichloroethyl phosphate XM68E8 Triclofos XM2334 Trional XM16S3 Triple bromides XM3PP3 Valerian root XM0MV0 Valerian tincture XM1WZ4 Valmid XM2TP4 Valnoctamide XM2AQ9 Welldorm XM1ZF1 Buspirone XM01J5 Mephenoxalone XM9TL2 Propiomazine XM15N4 Sodium oxybate XM3EH5 Benzoctamine XM9727 Gedocarnil XM5928 Fabomotizole XM4DF5 Lavandulae aetheroleum XM8488 Valerianae radix XM2HN6 Suvorexant XM2AY7 Dipiperonylaminoethanol XM9235 Lemborexant XM1VL2 Hexethal (sodium) XM7MG1 Mephebarbital XM2XY6 4-Aminobutyric acid Has manifestation - multiple selections are allowed [select] 6C44.5 Sedative, hypnotic or anxiolytic-induced delirium 6C44.6 Sedative, hypnotic or anxiolytic-induced psychotic disorder 6C44.7 Certain specified sedatives, hypnotics or anxiolytic-induced mental or behavioural disorders – 6C44.70 Sedative, hypnotic or anxiolytic-induced mood disorder – 6C44.71 Sedative, hypnotic or anxiolytic-induced anxiety disorder Associated with - multiple selections are allowed [select] 6C44.3 Sedative, hypnotic or anxiolytic intoxication 6C44.4 Sedative, hypnotic or anxiolytic withdrawal – 6C44.40 Sedative, hypnotic or anxiolytic withdrawal, uncomplicated – 6C44.41 Sedative, hypnotic or anxiolytic withdrawal, with perceptual disturbances – 6C44.42 Sedative, hypnotic or anxiolytic withdrawal, with seizures – 6C44.43 Sedative, hypnotic or anxiolytic withdrawal, with perceptual disturbances and seizures – 6C44.4Z Sedative, hypnotic or anxiolytic withdrawal, unspecified PB20 Unintentional exposure to or harmful effects of opioids or related analgesics PB21 Unintentional exposure to or harmful effects of sedative hypnotic drugs or other CNS depressants PB22 Unintentional exposure to or harmful effects of psychostimulants PB23 Unintentional exposure to or harmful effects of cannabinoids or hallucinogens PB24 Unintentional exposure to or harmful effects of analgesics, antipyretics or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs PB25 Unintentional exposure to or harmful effects of antidepressants PB26 Unintentional exposure to or harmful effects of antipsychotics PB27 Unintentional exposure to or harmful effects of antiepileptics or antiparkinsonism drugs PB28 Unintentional exposure to or harmful effects of other or unspecified drug, medicament or biological substance PB29 Unintentional exposure to or harmful effects of multiple drugs, medicaments or biological substances PB30 Unintentional exposure to or harmful effects of alcohols PB31 Unintentional exposure to or harmful effects of organic solvents PB32 Unintentional exposure to or harmful effects of carbon monoxide PB33 Unintentional exposure to or harmful effects of pesticides PB34 Unintentional exposure to or harmful effects of corrosive substances PB35 Unintentional exposure to or harmful effects of halogen derivatives of aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbons PB36 Unintentional exposure to or harmful effects of other or unspecified substances chiefly nonmedicinal as to source PC90 Intentional self-harm by exposure to or harmful effects of opioids or related analgesics PC91 Intentional self-harm by exposure to or harmful effects of sedative hypnotic drugs or other CNS depressants PC92 Intentional self-harm by exposure to or harmful effects of psychostimulants PC93 Intentional self-harm by exposure to or harmful effects of cannabinoids or hallucinogens PC94 Intentional self-harm by exposure to or harmful effects of analgesics, antipyretics or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs PC95 Intentional self-harm by exposure to or harmful effects of antidepressants PC96 Intentional self-harm by exposure to or harmful effects of antipsychotics PC97 Intentional self-harm by exposure to or harmful effects of antiepileptics or antiparkinsonism drugs PC98 Intentional self-harm by exposure to other and unspecified drug, medicament and biological substance PC99 Intentional self-harm by exposure to or harmful effects of multiple drugs, medicaments or biological substances PD00 Intentional self-harm by exposure to or harmful effects of alcohols PD01 Intentional self-harm by exposure to or harmful effects of organic solvents PD02 Intentional self-harm by exposure to or harmful effects of carbon monoxide PD03 Intentional self-harm by exposure to or harmful effects of pesticides PD04 Intentional self-harm by exposure to or harmful effects of corrosive substances PD05 Intentional self-harm by exposure to or harmful effects of other or unspecified substances chiefly nonmedicinal as to source PH40 Exposure to or harmful effects of undetermined intent of opioids or related analgesics PH41 Exposure to or harmful effects of undetermined intent of sedative hypnotic drugs or other CNS depressants PH42 Exposure to or harmful effects of undetermined intent of psychostimulants PH43 Exposure to or harmful effects of undetermined intent of cannabinoids or hallucinogens PH44 Exposure to or harmful effects of undetermined intent of analgesics, antipyretics or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs PH45 Exposure to or harmful effects of undetermined intent of antidepressants PH46 Exposure to or harmful effects of undetermined intent of antipsychotics PH47 Exposure to or harmful effects of undetermined intent of antiepileptics or antiparkinsonism drugs – PH47.0 Harmful effects of or exposure to mixed antiepileptics, not elsewhere classified, undetermined intent – PH47.Z Undetermined intent: Harmful effects of and exposure to noxious substances: Drugs, medicaments or biological substances: Unspecified antiepileptics or antiparkinsonism drugs PH48 Exposure to or harmful effects of undetermined intent of other or unspecified drugs, medicaments or biological substances PH49 Exposure to or harmful effects of undetermined intent of multiple drugs, medicaments or biological substances PH50 Exposure to or harmful effects of undetermined intent of alcohols PH51 Exposure to or harmful effects of undetermined intent of organic solvents PH52 Exposure to or harmful effects of undetermined intent of carbon monoxide PH53 Exposure to or harmful effects of undetermined intent of pesticides PH54 Exposure to or harmful effects of undetermined intent of corrosive substances PH55 Exposure to or harmful effects of undetermined intent of halogen derivatives of aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbons PH56 Exposure to or harmful effects of undetermined intent of other or unspecified substances chiefly nonmedicinal as to source PL00 Drugs, medicaments or biological substances associated with injury or harm in therapeutic use PL01 Complementary or traditional medicines associated with injury or harm in therapeutic use PL01.0 Complementary or traditional medicines associated with injury or harm in therapeutic use, Herbal Preparations or Formulas PL01.1 Complementary or traditional medicines associated with injury or harm in therapeutic use, Dietary Supplements, Vitamins or Minerals PL01.2 Complementary or traditional medicines associated with injury or harm in therapeutic use, Complementary or Traditional Medicines, not elsewhere classified PL01.Y Other specified complementary or traditional medicines associated with injury or harm in therapeutic use PL01.Z Complementary or traditional medicines associated with injury or harm in therapeutic use, unspecified PL0Z Substances associated with injury or harm in therapeutic use, unspecified
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