PhenX - neighborhood concentrated disadvantage protocol 211301   63036-8

LOINC Code


LOINC code63036-8
namePhenX - neighborhood concentrated disadvantage protocol 211301
descriptionThe protocol is based on extracting data from the U.S. Census Bureau on a set of variables related to the concept of "concentrated disadvantage" (Sampson, Raudenbush, & Earls, 1997). All the relevant variables are available from the long form of the 1990 and 2000 decennial Censuses. Once the data are extracted, an index score of concentrated disadvantage can be calculated at the neighborhood level of interest; this is usually based on census tract or census block-group data. Assuming that information on current address (see PhenX Demographics domain, Current Address measure) and any previous address(es) (see PhenX Environmental Exposures domain, Residential History measure) has been collected for a study respondent, then via geocoding it is possible to link the address of a study participant to his or her local neighborhood (a geographic area), typically by a Census-defined area, such as a census block-group or census tract, or by Zone Improvement Plan (ZIP) code area. The original paper by Sampson et al. (1997) was based on the use of variables from the 1990 decennial Census and applied to a neighborhood definition based on aggregates of Census tracts, called neighborhood clusters. The Social Environments Working Group recommends that researchers follow Sampson et al (1997) and conduct a factor analysis (e.g., a principal components analysis using varimax rotation methods or alpha-scoring factor analysis).The extracted variables are typically very highly correlated undermining any investigation of unique effects. Sampson et al (1997, p. 920) find that consistent with urban theory these six poverty-related variables are highly associated and load on the same factor (note: their work was based on 1990 Census data for Chicago). Other studies in other settings confirm that these six variables (poverty, percentage of single-parent families, percentage of family members on welfare and unemployed, and a measure of racial segregation) load on a single factor with individual factor loadings typically exceeding 0.8. The Social Environments Working Group recommends that investigators record and report the factor loading scores for each variable used in the factor analysis. These would vary across studies but knowing how they vary (i.e., what other studies found) would allow for comparison between studies. The calculation of concentrated disadvantage based on factor analysis generates a measure that is sample dependent (i.e., study specific). However, it is important to note that this is a well established, robust and highly cited measure across the social sciences and public health. The social science literature has long argued that neighborhood disadvantage is not a single-item construct captured by, for example, a measure of poverty (e.g., percent of individuals below the poverty level) or measures such as the Index of Concentration at the Extremes (Massey, 2001).
statusTRIAL

Fully-Specified Name

componentPhenX - neighborhood concentrated disadvantage protocol 211301
property-
timePt  =  Point in time:  To identify measures at a point in time. This is a synonym for “spot” or “random” as applied to urine measurements.
system^Patient
scale-
methodPhenX

Additional Names

short nameNeighborhood disadvantage proto

Basic Attributes

classPANEL.PHENX
type2  Clinical

Panel Components

67784-9Individuals below poverty line Neighborhood [PhenX]
67785-6Individuals on public assistance Neighborhood [PhenX]
67786-4Female-headed households Neighborhood [PhenX]
67787-2Unemployed Neighborhood [PhenX]
67788-0Less than age 18 Neighborhood [PhenX]
67789-8Black Neighborhood [PhenX]

Associated Observations

LOINC codes that represent optional associated observation(s) for a clinical observation or laboratory test. A LOINC term may represent a single associated observation or panel containing several associated observations.

Member of these Groups

LG41765-5SDH.Environment

Member of these Panels

63009-5PhenX domain - Social environments

History/Usage

first released
last updated2.66
last change typeNAM  - change to Analyte/Component
change reasonUpdated the PhenX ID from "PhenX." to "PX" in Survey Question Source field to align with the variable identifier used in the PhenX Toolkit.; Added the PhenX protocol ID to the Component to clearly define the protocol version for which this panel is based upon.

Related Names

Neighborhood disadvantage proto
Pan
Panel
PANEL.PHENX
Panl
Pnl
Point in time
Random
SDOH

Copyright © 2024 Regenstrief Institute, Inc. All Rights Reserved. To the extent included herein, the LOINC table and LOINC codes are copyright © 1995-2024, Regenstrief Institute, Inc. and the Logical Observation Identifiers Names and Codes (LOINC) Committee. See https://loinc.org/license for the full LOINC copyright and license.

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